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MP155 energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 1 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. the future of analog ic technology description the MP155 is a primary-side regulator that provides accurate constant voltage regulation without the opto-coupler, and supports buck, buck-boost, boost and flyback topologies. an integrated 500v mosfet simplifies the structure and reduces costs. these features make it a competitive candidate for off-line low- power applications, such as home appliances and standby power. the MP155 is a green-mode-operation regulator. both the peak current and the switching frequency decrease as the load decreases. as a result, it offers excellent efficiency performance at light load, thus improving the overall average efficiency. the MP155 features various protections such as thermal shutdown (tsd), vcc under-voltage lockout (uvlo), overload protection (olp), short-circuit protection (scp), and open loop protection. the MP155 is available in the tsot23-5 and soic8 packages. features ? primary-side constant voltage (cv) control, supporting buck, buck-boost, boost and flyback topologies ? integrated 500v/20 ? mosfet ? < 100mw no-load power consumption ? up to 3w output power ? maximum dcm output current of 130ma ? maximum ccm output current of 220ma ? low vcc operating current ? frequency foldback ? maximum frequency limit ? peak current compression ? internal high-voltage current source ? internal 350ns leading-edge blanking ? thermal shutdown (auto restart) ? vcc under-voltage lockout with hysteresis (uvlo) ? timer-based overload protection. ? short circuit protection ? open loop protection applications ? home appliances, white goods and consumer electronics ? industrial controls ? standby power all mps parts are lead-free and adhere to the rohs directive. for mps green status, please visit mps website under quality assurance. ?mps? and ?the future of analog ic technology? are registered trademarks of monolithi c power systems, inc. typical application MP155 drain vcc fb source output source c1 c2 l1 c3 c4 r2 r1 l2 d2 d3 c5 d1
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 2 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. ordering information part number* package top marking MP155gj tsot23-5 aen MP155gs soic8 MP155 * for tape & reel, add suffix ?z (e.g. MP155gj?z); * for tape & reel, add suffix ?z (e.g. MP155gs?z); package reference top view top view 1 2 3 5 4 source source vcc fb drain vcc fb source source n/c drain n/c n/c 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 tsot23-5 soic8 absolute maxi mum ratings (1) drain to source .........................-0.7v to 500v all the other pin .............................-0.7v to 6.5v continuous power dissipation (t a = +25c) (2) tsot23-5 ..................................................... 1w soic8 ........................................................... 1w junction temperature ...............................150c lead temperature ....................................260c storage temperature............... -60c to +150c esd capability human body mode .......... 4.0kv esd capability machine mode .................. 200v recommended operating conditions (3) operating junction temp. (t j ). -40c to +125c operating vcc range .....................5.3v to 5.6v thermal resistance (4) ja jc tsot23-5.............................. 100 ..... 55... c/w soic8..................................... 96 ...... 45... c/w notes: 1) exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) the maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature t j (max), the junction-to- ambient thermal resistance ja , and the ambient temperature ta. the maximum allowance continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by pd(max)=(tj(max)-ta)/ ja . exceeding the maximum allowance power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. internal thermal shutdown ci rcuit protects the device from permanent damage. 3) the device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) measured on jesd51-7, 4-layer pcb.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 3 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. electrical characteristics v cc = 5.8v, t a = 25c, unless otherwise noted. parameter symbol condition min typ max units start-up current source (drain pin) internal regulator supply current i regulator vcc=4v;v drain =100v 2.5 3.5 4.5 ma drain pin leakage current i leak vcc=5.8v;v drain =400v 10 12 a breakdown voltage v (br)dss 500 v supply voltage management (vcc pin) vcc regulator turn-off level (rising) vcc off 5.4 5.6 5.8 v vcc regulator turn-on level (falling) vcc on 5.1 5.3 5.6 v on and off vcc regulator hysteresis 250 mv vcc turn-off level (falling) vcc stop 3.4 v vcc phase completion level (falling) vcc pro 2.4 v internal ic consumption i cc vcc=5.8v, f s =37khz, d=40% 430 a internal ic consumption (no switching) i cc 250 a internal ic consumption, latch-off phase i cclatch v cc =5.3v 16 a internal mosfet (drain pin) breakdown voltage v brdss 500 v on-state resistance r on 20 ? internal current sense peak current limit i limit 260 290 345 ma leading-edge blanking leb1 350 ns scp point i scp 450 ma leading-edge blanking for scp leb2 180 ns feedback input (fb pin) minimum off time minoff 15 18 21 s primary mosfet feedback turn-on threshold v fb 2.4 2.5 2.6 v olp feedback trigger threshold v fb_olp 1.6 1.7 1.8 v over-load protection delay olp f s =37khz 170 ms open loop detection v old 60 mv thermal shutdown thermal shutdown threshold 150 c
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 4 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. typical characteristics on-state resistance vs. junction temperature feedback voltage vs. junction temperature minimum off time vs. junction temperature v brdss (v) breakdown voltage vs. junction temperature 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 -40 -20 0 25 85 105 125 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 -40 -20 0 25 85 105 125 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 -40 -20 0 25 85 105 125 vfb(v) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -40 -20 0 25 85 105 125
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 5 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics v in = 265vac, v out = 12v, i out = 200ma, l = 2.2mh, c out = 100 f, t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted. start up normal operation scp open loop protection v ds 100v/div. i l 100ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 100ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 100ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 250ma/div. zoom in zoom in zoom in zoom in
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 6 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics (continued) v in = 230vac, v out = 12v, i out = 200ma, l = 2.2mh, c out = 100 f, t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted. input power start up input power shut down scp entry scp recovery open loop entry open loop recovery output voltage ripple load transient v ripple 50mv/div. i out 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ds 100v/div. i l 200ma/div. v ripple 50mv/div.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 7 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. pin functions pin # tsot23-5 pin # soic8 name description 1 1 vcc control circuit power supply. 2 2 fb regulator feedback. 3,4 3,4 source internal power mosfet s ource. ground reference for vcc and fb pins. 5 7 drain internal power mosfet drai n. high-voltage current source input. 5,6,8 n/c not connected.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 8 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. functional block diagram figure 1: functional block diagram
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 9 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. operation the MP155 is a green-mode-operation regulator. the peak current and the switching frequency both decrease as the load decreases to provide excellent efficiency at light load, and thus improve the overall average efficiency. the typical application diagram shows that the regulator operates using a minimal number of external components. it incorporates the following features: start-up and under voltage lock-out the internal high-voltage regulator supplies ic from the drain pin. the ic starts switching and the internal high voltage regulator turns off when the voltage on vcc reaches 5.6v. when the vcc voltage drops below 5.3v, the internal high voltage regulator turns on again to charge the external vcc capacitor. use a capacitor in the several f range stabilize the vcc voltage and this can lower the cost by decreasing the value of the capacitor. when the voltage on vcc drops blow 3.4v, the ic stops, then the internal high-voltage regulator charges the vcc capacitor. when faults occur, such as overload, short circuit, and over-heating, the ic stops working and an internal current source (16a) discharges the vcc capacitor. before the vcc voltage drops below 2.4v, the internal high-voltage regulator remains off and the vcc capacitor remains discharged. estimate the restart time after a fault as: ? ? = + cc restart vcc vcc v2.4v 5.6v 2.4v cc 16ua 3.5ma figure 2 shows the typical waveform with vcc under voltage lock out. figure 2: vcc under-voltage lockout constant voltage operation the MP155 is a fully-integrated regulator when used in a buck solution as shown in the typical application on page 1. the integrated mosfet turns on at the beginning of each cycle when the feedback voltage is below the reference voltage (2.5v), which indicates insufficient output voltage. the peak current limit determines the on period. after the on period elapses, the integrated mosfet turns off. the freewheeling diode (d1) remains off until the inductor current charges the sampling capacitor (c4) voltage to the output voltage level. then the sampling capacitor voltage changes with the output voltage. the sampling capacitor can sample and hold the output voltage to regulate the output voltage. the sampling capacitor voltage decreases after the inductor current drops below the output current. when the feedback voltage falls below the reference voltage (2.5v), a new switching cycle begins. figure 3 shows the detailed operation timing diagram under ccm.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 10 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. mos diode i l i peak i o v o v fb 2.5v figure 3: v fb vs. v out monitoring the sampling capacitor regulates the output voltage can be regulated, as per the following equation: + = r1 r2 vo 2.5v r2 frequency foldback under light load or no load conditions, the output drops very slowly, which increases the time for the mosfet to turn on again; i.e., frequency decreases as the load decreases. so the MP155 can maintain a high efficiency under light load condition by reducing the switching frequency automatically. the switching frequency can be obtained as: in o o s peak o in (v v ) v f 2l(i i ) v ? =? ? , for ccm ? =? in o o o s 2 peak in 2(v v ) i v f li v , for dcm at the same time, the peak current limit decreases from 290ma as the off time increases. in standby mode, the frequency and the peak current are both minimized, allowing for a small dummy load. as a result, the peak- current-compression function helps to reduce no- load consumption. determine the peak current limitation from the following equation where off is the power module off time: =??? peak off i 290ma (1ma / s) ( 18 s) minimum off time limitation the MP155 implements a minimum off time limit. during the normal operation, the minimum off time limit is 18s; during start up, the minimum off time limit gradually drops from 72s, to 36s, then to 18 s (see figure 4). each minimum off time has 128 switching cycles. this soft-start function allows for safe start-up. 128 switching cycle 72 us 128 switching cycle 36 us 18 us driver figure 4: minoff at start-up ea compensation - + v fb - + v ref 2.5v ea + + - + fb comparator v ramp v ramp i peak figure 5: ea and ramp compensation to improve load regulation, the mp150 implements an error amplifier (ea) compensation function ( figure 5 ). the MP155 samples the feedback voltage 6s after the mosfet turns off. ea compensation regulates the 2.5v reference voltage with the load, thus improving the power module regulation. ramp compensation an internal ramp compensation circuit precisely maintains the output voltage. an additional exponential voltage sinking source pulls down the feedback comparator?s reference voltage as shown in figure 5. the ramp compensation is relative to the load conditions: under full-load conditions, the compensation is ~1mv/s; with a decreasing load, the compensation increases exponentially.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 11 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. over load protection (olp) as the load increases, the peak current and the switching frequency increase with the load. when the switching frequency and peak current reaches their maximums, the output voltage will decrease if the load continues to increase. then the fb voltage will drop below olp threshold. by continuously monitoring the fb voltage, the timer starts when the fb voltage drops below the 1.7v error flag threshold. removing the error flag resets the timer. if the timer continues to completion at 170ms (f s =37khz) , olp occurs. this timer duration avoids triggering olp when the power supply starts up or enters a load transition phase, and therefore requires that the power supply start up in less than 170ms. a different switching frequency (f s ) changes the over-load protection delay time, as shown below: ? dealy 37khz 170ms fs short circuit protection (scp) the MP155 shuts down when the peak current rises above 450ma as its short-circuit protection threshold. the power supply resumes operation after removing the fault. thermal shutdown (tsd) to prevent from any lethal thermal damage, the mp150 shuts down switching when the inner temperature exceeds 150 c . during thermal shutdown (tsd), the vcc drops to 2.4v, and then the internal high voltage regulator recharges vcc. open loop detection if the v fb drops below 60mv, the ic will stop working and begins a re-start cycle. the open- loop detection is blanked for 128 switching cycles during start-up. leading-edge blanking an internal leading-edge blanking (leb) unit between the current sense resistor inside the ic and the current comparator input avoids prematurely switching pulse termination due to the parasitic capacitance. during the blanking period, the current comparator is disabled and cannot turn off the external mosfet. figure 6 shows leading-edge blanking. figure 6: leading-edge blanking
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 12 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. application information table 1. common topologies using MP155 topology circuit schematic features high-side buck 1. no-isolation, 2. positive output 3. low cost 4. direct feedback high-side buck-boost 1. no-isolation, 2. negative output 3. low cost 4. direct feedback boost 1. no-isolation, 2. positive output 3. low cost 4. direct feedback flyback 1. isolation, 2. positive output 3. low cost 4. indirect feedback
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 13 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. topology options MP155 can be used in common topologies, such as buck, buck-boost, boost and flyback. please find the table.1 for more information. component selection input capacitor the input capacitor supplies the converter?s dc input voltage. figure 7 shows the typical half- wave rectifier?s dc bus voltage waveform. figure 7: input voltage waveform when using the half-wave rectifier, set the input capacitor 3f/w for the universal input condition. when using the full-wave rectifier, choose a smaller capacitor, but avoid a minimum dc voltage below 70v to avoid thermal shutdown. inductor MP155 has a minimum off time limit that determines the maximum power output. the maximum power increases with the inductor value. using a smaller inductor may cause the output to fail at full load, but a larger inductor results in a higher olp load. the optimal inductor value is the smallest that can supply the rated power. the maximum power is: =? ominoff omax o peak v pv(i ) 2l , for ccm =? 2 o max peak minoff 11 pli 2 , for dcm to account for converter parameters?such as peak current limit and minimum off time? estimate the minimum inductor power (p min ) for the maximum power, and selecting an inductor with a p min value that exceeds the rated power. using output voltages 5v and 12v as examples, figure 8 shows the curve for p min at 5v, and figure 9 shows the curve for p min at 12v. (i peak =0.29a, minoff =18s) maximum output power(w) inductor(mh) 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 p min figure 8: p min vs. l for 5v maximum output power(w) inductor(mh) 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 p min figure 9: p min vs. l for 12v when designing a 0.5w converter (5v, 0.1a), estimate the minimum inductor value at 0.6mh based on figure 8. similarly, for a 1.2w converter (12v, 0.1a), estimate the minimum inductor at 0.9mh based on figure 9 . use a standard off-the-shelf inductor to reduce costs. use a standard inductance that exceeds calculated inductance. freewheeling diode choose a diode with a maximum reverse voltage rating that exceeds the maximum input voltage, and a current rating that exceeds the output current. the reverse recovery of the freewheeling diode can affect the efficiency and circuit operation. select an ultra-fast diode, such as the egc10jh.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 14 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. output capacitor the output capacitor maintains the dc output voltage. estimate the output voltage ripple as: ccm _ ripple esr so i vir 8f c =+? , for ccm 2 pk o o dcm _ ripple pk esr so pk ii i vir fc i ?? ? =? +? ?? ?? ?? , for dcm use ceramic, tantalum, or low-esr electrolytic capacitors to lower the output voltage ripple. feedback resistors the resistor divider determines the output voltage. choose appropriate r1 and r2 values to maintain the fb voltage at 2.5v. avoid very large values for r2 (typical values between 5k ? ? to10k ? . feedback capacitor the feedback capacitor provides a sample-and- hold function. small capacitors result in poor regulation at light load condition, and large capacitors can impact circuit operation. estimate the capacitor range as per the following equation: oo oo fb 12o 12o vc vc 1 c 2r r i r r i ? ? ++ choose an appropriate value given practical considerations. dummy load a dummy load maintains the load regulation. this ensures sufficient inductor energy to charge the sample-and-hold capacitor to detect the output voltage. start with a 3ma dummy load and adjust as necessary. vcc supply the MP155 obtains a low no-load power consumption by external vcc supply. this supply is dependent on the value of v out . connect a diode and resistor between c3 and c4 as per the values listed in table 2. table 2: recommended vcc supply resistor values vout resistor value 3.3v nc 5 5v nc 12v 24.8k 16v 40.8k 24v 72.8k note: 5) nc= no connection surge performance to obtain a good surge performance, select an appropriate input capacitor that meets different surge tests. figure 10 shows the half-wave rectifier. table 3 shows the required capacitance under normal conditions for different surge voltages. figure 10: half-wave rectifier table 3: recommended capacitor values surge voltage 500v 1000v 2000v c1 1 f 10 f 22 f c2 1 f 4.7 f 10 f
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 15 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. layout guide pcb layout is very impo rtant to achieve reliable operation, and good emi and thermal performance. follow these guidelines to optimize performance. 1) minimize the loop area formed by the input capacitor, ic part, freewheeling diode, inductor and output capacitor. 2) place the power inductor far away from the input filter. 3) add a capacitor in the several-hundred pf range between pin fb and source as close to the ic as possible. 4) connect the exposed pad with the drain pin to a large copper area to improve thermal performance. top bottom layer design example below is a design example following the application guidelines given the following specifications: table 4: design example v in 85 to 265vac v out 12v i out 200ma figure 11 shows the detailed application schematic. the typical performance characteristics section lists typical performance and circuit waveforms. for more device application, please refer to the related evaluation board datasheets.
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 16 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. typical application circuits figure 11 shows a typical applicat ion example of a 12v, 200ma non-isolated power supply using the MP155. l n d2 1n4007 wugc10jh d3 gnd vout gnd 1n4007 d1 10 rf1 drain 5 source 4 vcc 1 fb 2 source 3 u1 MP155 470 pf c7 c2 1 c6 /400 v c3 10 /400v c4 /16v c5 1mh l1 19.1 k r1 4 .99k r2 3.9k r3 d4 1n 4007 220nf c1 2. 2 mh l2 1n4148 d5 r5 24.9 k 12v/200ma figure 11: typical application, 12v/200ma
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 17 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. flow chart start vcc>5.6v internal high voltage regulator on y n soft start monitor v fb monitor vcc olp=logic high y otp, scp and open loop monitor y vcc decrease to 2.4 shut down internal high voltage regulator n continuous fault monitor vcc<5.3v y n otp, scp or open loop logic high? y n uvlo, otp, scp, olp and open loop protection are auto restar shut off the switching pulse y n y v fb <2.5v v fb <1.7v turn on the mosfet y n 6144 switching counter finished? vcc<3.4v y y n figure 12: control flow chart
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 18 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. figure 13: signal evolution in the presence of a fault
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 19 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. package information tsot23-5
MP155 ? energy efficient off-line regulator notice: the information in this document is subject to change wi thout notice. please contact m ps for current specifications. users should warrant and guarantee that third party intellectual property rights ar e not infringed upon when integrating mps products into any application. mps will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP155 rev. 1.12 www.monolithicpower.com 20 10/28/2013 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2013 mps. all rights reserved. package information soic8 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) 0 o -8 o detail "a" 0.010(0.25) 0.020(0.50) x 45 o see detail "a" 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) pin 1 id 0.050(1.27) bsc 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) seating plane 0.004(0.10) 0.010(0.25) 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 0.053(1.35) 0.069(1.75) top view front view 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) side view 14 85 recommended land pattern 0.213(5.40) 0.063(1.60) 0.050(1.27) 0.024(0.61) note: 1) control dimension is in inches. dimension in bracket is in millimeters. 2) package length does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. 3) package width does not include interlead flash or protrusions. 4) lead coplanarity (bottom of leads after forming) shall be 0.004" inches max. 5) drawing conforms to jedec ms-012, variation aa. 6) drawing is not to scale. 0.010(0.25) bsc gauge plane

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